GENERAL TEXTBOOKS

• An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, Carroll & Ostlie

• The Physical Universe, F. Shu

 ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS on Stellar Structure and Evolution

• Structure and Evolution of Stars, M. Schwarzschild (1958)

• Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, D. Clayton (1983)

• Stellar Structure and Evolution, Kippenhahn & Weigert (1994)

• Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars, Shapiro & Teukolsky (1983)

Outline of Lectures: Podsiadlowski

• Observable properties of stars: luminosity, surface temperature, radius, mass.

• Correlations between stellar properties. The M -- L relation. H-R diagram. Chemical composition of stars. Brown dwarfs. Planets.

• Physical state of the stellar interior -- hydrostatic equilibrium

  -- distribution of mass -- estimates of P_c, T_c
  -- virial theorem
  -- thermal and gravitational energy -- energy generation equation
  -- transport by radiation and convection.

• Equations of stellar structure. Equation of state for stellar  interiors -- perfect gas -- degenerate gas -- sources of opacity.

• Nuclear reaction -- hydrogen burning -- CNO cycle -- helium burning.

• The Sun: helioseismology, neutrino astrophysics, the solar neutrino problem, solar neutrino experiments.

• Structure of main-sequence stars. Qualitative account of  star-formation, pre-main-sequence  evolution. Jeans instability, the angular-momentum problem, the stellar birthline.

• Ages of stellar clusters. Advanced evolutionary stages.  Planetary nebulae. Degenerate stars.

• Binary stars. Properties -- mass function -- Roche lobe -- mass transfer -- eclipsing binaries -- X-ray binaries, cataclysmic variables, etc

• Evolution of high-mass stars.  Supernovae: core-collapse, thermonuclear explosions, classification, supernova evolution and light-curves, Type Ia supernovae as standard candles, SN 1987A.

• Compact stars: neutron stars/pulsars, black holes, Schwarzschild radius, orbits around black holes, Alfven radius, recycled millisecond pulsars, hypernovae, gamma-ray bursts

• Stellar Atmospheres: stellar photospheres, equation of radiative transfer, grey atmospheres, opacity, absorption line spectra, curve of growth.

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