From ccarilli@aoc.nrao.edu Mon Aug 5 18:13:29 2002 Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:15:19 -0600 From: Chris Carilli To: sr@astro.ox.ac.uk Subject: CME forms -- Solar system USA proposal: N/d ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Solar system science: Coronal mass ejections: using low frequency radar, determine the 3D structure of CMEs as critical early-warning system for satellites and other sensitivie terrestrial structures. Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 1.2 to 11 GHz, less at high/lower freq FoV sq.deg 1 1 meet at 1.4 GHz, full Xcorr of inner array Multibeam number 1 many within PB beam sep (deg) # subarrays many response time s 60 Freq range GHz <=0.1 0.15-34 fail Correlator: Bandwidth GHz 3.2 # spec channel 1.6e4 full BW sampling time s short unit t-BW Configuration: max baseline km 3000 5000 meet 50% area baseline 35 T_b sens K 1 at 20 GHz, 7mas res #independent IFs 4 max sep of IFs full band DNR: spatial 1e6 spectral polarization 1e4 # spatial pixels 5e10 ----------------- Special requirements: Prefer full-earth coverage for continuous monitoring. Major problem(s): Need very low frequencies Possible Compromises: Notes: total = 1.8 G$. Collecting area is 1/2 (SKA). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Canada: LAR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 1.4 GHz FoV sq.deg 1 1 meet 1.4 GHz, 19x19 FP array Multibeam number 1 many within FoV beam sep (deg) # subarrays response time s 100 Freq range GHz <= 0.1 0.1-22 meet Correlator: Bandwidth GHz 4 # spec channel sampling time s Configuration: 3000 ? max baseline km 50% area baseline T_b sens K #independent IFs 1 max sep of IFs DNR: spatial 1e5 spectral polarization # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: Prefer full-earth coverage for continuous monitoring. Major problem(s): Need very low frequencies Possible Compromises: Notes: total = 2 G$ (could decrease by factor 2 by decreasing FoV by factor 4). Unblocked aperture => low sidelobes. Loose collecting area with large zenith angle. 60 elements, 200m. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ China proposal: KARST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 35000 30 elements FoV sq.deg 1 13x0.005 fail at 1.4 GHz Multibeam number 1 beam sep (deg) # subarrays few response time s 100 Freq range GHz <=0.1 0.3-6 fail Correlator: Bandwidth GHz # spec channel sampling time s Configuration: max baseline km 3000 300 fail 50% area baseline 30 T_b sens K #independent IFs max sep of IFs DNR: spatial 1e5 spectral polarization # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: Prefer full-earth coverage for continuous monitoring. Major problem(s): Need very low frequencies Major problem(s): Possible Compromises: Notes: limited sky coverage (68%), very limited FoV as proposed (could add large FP arrays), no discussion of correlator/IF. total = 0.85 G$. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ European Design: Integrated Aperture Arrays ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 10500 at 1.4 GHz lower at large elev FoV sq.deg 1 1 meet at 1.4 GHz Multibeam number 8 beam sep (deg) 90 # subarrays many response time s < 1 60s for sources at > 45deg tilt Freq range GHz <=0.1 0.15 - 1.5 fail Correlator: Bandwidth GHz 0.2 # spec channel 2x4096 sampling time s Configuration: max baseline km 3000 2000 meet? 50% area baseline 100 T_b sens K #independent IFs 3 max sep of IFs GHz 1 DNR: spatial spectral polarization # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: Prefer full-earth coverage for continuous monitoring. Major problem(s): Need very low frequencies Possible Compromises: Notes: full sky coverage requires retilting tiles in 3 steps. Cost 0.78 G$. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ India: Preloaded parabolic dishes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 1.4 GHz, less at high/lower freq FoV sq.deg 1 1 meet at 1.4 GHz, full Xcorr of inner array Multibeam number 1 many within PB beam sep (deg) # subarrays many response time s 60 Freq range GHz <=0.1 0.15-10 fail Correlator: Bandwidth GHz # spec channel sampling time s Configuration: 3000 not specified in proposal max baseline km 50% area baseline T_b sens K #independent IFs max sep of IFs DNR: spatial 1e6 spectral polarization 1e4 # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: Prefer full-earth coverage for continuous monitoring. Major problem(s): Need very low frequencies Possible Compromises: Notes: Array design parallels US, only different is elements. total for antennas = 0.5 G$. Max freq. can be increased using panels instead of wire mesh. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Australia 1: Refracting concentrators ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 1.4 GHz, lower at high/lower freq FoV sq.deg 1 3.6 meet at 1.4 GHz, full Xcorr of inner array Multibeam number 2 beam sep (deg) 150 # subarrays many response time s 60 Freq range GHz <=0.1 0.1-5 meet Correlator (dual pol) Bandwidth GHz 1.5 # spec channel 2x4096 full BW sampling time s Configuration: max baseline km 3000 3000 meet 50% area baseline 4 T_b sens K 0.7 at 0.1"res #independent IFs 4 max sep of IFs DNR: spatial spectral polarization # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: Prefer full-earth coverage for continuous monitoring. Major problem(s): Need very low frequencies Possible Compromises: Notes: Similar in concept to US design but with Luneberg lenses as elements. Allows for widely spaced, multiple beams on sky. Each beam needs own Rx/feed support/drive, so eventually blockage becomes issue. Current proposal has 2 beams for 1.4 G$. Lens technology is a major uncertainty. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Australia 2: Cylindrical Reflector ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 FoV sq.deg 1 1 meet at 1.4 GHz Multibeam number 8 beam sep (deg) 40x1 at 1.4 GHz # subarrays many response time s 60 msec for objects in 40deg FoV Freq range GHz <=0.1 0.1-9 meet Correlator (dual pol): Bandwidth GHz 2.4 # spec channel 2x4096 sampling time s Configuration: max baseline km 3000 10000 meet 50% area baseline 40 T_b sens K #independent IFs max sep of IFs DNR: spatial 1e6 spectral polarization # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: Prefer full-earth coverage for continuous monitoring. Major problem(s): Need very low frequencies Possible Compromises: Notes: total cost = 1G$ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ From ccarilli@aoc.nrao.edu Mon Aug 5 18:13:54 2002 Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 14:58:51 -0600 From: Chris Carilli To: sr@astro.ox.ac.uk Subject: Solar system -- thermal forms Level 1 science program: Solar system science, imaging thermal emission and radar imaging (note: good complementarity with ALMA/NGST) asteriods = protoplanets 'frozen' in different states of early evolution. study geological history, prospect for minerals, and probe beneath the regolith. Radar provides most accurate orbits (by far), particular interesting for near earth objects, and sub-km-scale imaging. Planetary satellites: at 20km resolution study cool lava flows on Io, ice techtonics and water vulcanism, and other surface structure on large planet satellites. Kuiper belt objects: best example of physical properties of large objects in protoplanetry dust disks ('proplids'). Almost nothing currently known (shapes, masses, rotation). Comets: imaging gas around comets (OH, other). Get a 3D image of cometary outflow strucutres, including jets and large fragments. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ USA proposal: N/d ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 20000 meet 1.2 to 11 GHz, less at high/lower freq FoV sq.deg 1 1 meet at 1.4 GHz, full Xcorr of inner array Multibeam number 1 1 meet many within PB beam sep (deg) # subarrays many response time s 60 Freq range GHz up to 20 0.15-34 meet Correlator: Bandwidth GHz nu/5 3.2 meet? # spec channel 1.6e4 full BW sampling time s short unit t-BW Configuration: max baseline km 350 5000 exceed 50% area baseline 35 T_b sens K 1 1 meet at 20 GHz, 7mas res #independent IFs 4 max sep of IFs full band DNR: spatial 1e6 spectral polarization 1e4 # spatial pixels 5e10 ----------------- Special requirements: getting to 20 GHz is critical for high res and thermal science. Comet gas imaging needs low resolution (<= few km baselines). Major problem(s): Very long baselines not needed. Possible Compromises: Notes: total = 1.8 G$. Collecting area is 1/2 (SKA). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Canada: LAR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 20000 meet 1.4 GHz FoV sq.deg 1 1 meet 1.4 GHz, 19x19 FP array Multibeam number 1 1 meet many within FoV beam sep (deg) # subarrays response time s 100 Freq range GHz up to 20 0.1-22 meet Correlator: Bandwidth GHz nu/5 4 meet # spec channel sampling time s Configuration: max baseline km 350 5000 meet 50% area baseline T_b sens K 1 ? #independent IFs 1 max sep of IFs DNR: spatial 1e5 spectral polarization # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: getting to 20 GHz is critical for high res and thermal science. Comet gas imaging needs low resolution (<= few km baselines). Major problem(s): Possible Compromises: Notes: total = 2 G$ (could decrease by factor 2 by decreasing FoV by factor 4). Unblocked aperture => low sidelobes. Loose collecting area with large zenith angle. 60 elements, 200m. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ China proposal: KARST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 35000 exceed 30 elements FoV sq.deg 1 13x0.005 fail at 1.4 GHz Multibeam number 1 1 meet beam sep (deg) # subarrays few response time s 100 Freq range GHz up to 20 0.3-6 fail Correlator: Bandwidth GHz nu/5 ? ? # spec channel sampling time s Configuration: max baseline km 350 300 meet 50% area baseline 30 T_b sens K 1 ? ? #independent IFs max sep of IFs DNR: spatial 1e5 spectral polarization # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: getting to 20 GHz is critical for high res and thermal science. Comet gas imaging needs low resolution (<= few km baselines). Major problem(s): Possible Compromises: Notes: limited sky coverage (68%), very limited FoV as proposed (could add large FP arrays), no discussion of correlator/IF. total = 0.85 G$. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ European Design: Integrated Aperture Arrays ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 10500 fail at 1.4 GHz lower at large elev FoV sq.deg 1 1 meet at 1.4 GHz Multibeam number 1 8 exceed beam sep (deg) 90 # subarrays many response time s < 1 60s for sources at > 45deg tilt Freq range GHz up to 20 0.15-1.5 fail Correlator: Bandwidth GHz nu/5 0.2 fail # spec channel 2x4096 sampling time s Configuration: max baseline km 2000 50% area baseline 100 T_b sens K 1 ? ? #independent IFs 3 max sep of IFs GHz 1 DNR: spatial spectral polarization # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: getting to 20 GHz is critical for high res and thermal science. Comet gas imaging needs low resolution (<= few km baselines). Major problem(s): outline the major design problem(s) wrt science goal Possible Compromises: Notes: full sky coverage requires retilting tiles in 3 steps. Cost 0.78 G$. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ India: Preloaded parabolic dishes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 20000 fail 1.4 GHz, less at high/lower freq FoV sq.deg 1 1 meet at 1.4 GHz, full Xcorr of inner array Multibeam number 1 1 meet many within PB beam sep (deg) # subarrays many response time s 60 Freq range GHz up to 20 0.15-10 fail Correlator: Bandwidth GHz nu/5 ? # spec channel sampling time s Configuration: not specified in proposal max baseline km 50% area baseline T_b sens K #independent IFs max sep of IFs DNR: spatial 1e6 spectral polarization 1e4 # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: getting to 20 GHz is critical for high res and thermal science. Comet gas imaging needs low resolution (<= few km baselines). Major problem(s): outline the major design problem(s) wrt science goal Possible Compromises: Notes: Array design parallels US, only different is elements. total for antennas = 0.5 G$. Max freq. can be increased using panels instead of wire mesh. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Australia 1: Refracting concentrators ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 20000 meet 1.4 GHz, lower at high/lower freq FoV sq.deg 1 3.6 exceed at 1.4 GHz, full Xcorr of inner array Multibeam number 1 2 exceed beam sep (deg) 150 # subarrays many response time s 60 Freq range GHz up to 20 0.1-5 fail Correlator (dual pol) Bandwidth GHz nu/5 1.5 fail # spec channel 2x4096 full BW sampling time s Configuration: max baseline km 350 3000 exceed 50% area baseline 4 T_b sens K 1 0.7 meet at 0.1"res #independent IFs 4 max sep of IFs DNR: spatial spectral polarization # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: getting to 20 GHz is critical for high res and thermal science. Comet gas imaging needs low resolution (<= few km baselines). Major problem(s): outline the major design problem(s) wrt science goal Possible Compromises: Notes: Similar in concept to US design but with Luneberg lenses as elements. Allows for widely spaced, multiple beams on sky. Each beam needs own Rx/feed support/drive, so eventually blockage becomes issue. Current proposal has 2 beams for 1.4 G$. Lens technology is a major uncertainty. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Australia 2: Cylindrical Reflector ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level 1 science program: Title and text here Spec Requirement Design fail/meet/exceed comments ---- ----------- ------- ---------------- -------- A/T m^2/K 20000 20000 meet FoV sq.deg 1 1 meet at 1.4 GHz Multibeam number 1 8 exceed beam sep (deg) 40x1 at 1.4 GHz # subarrays many response time s 60 msec for objects in 40deg FoV Freq range GHz up to 20 0.1-9 fail Correlator (dual pol): Bandwidth GHz nu/5 2.4 fail # spec channel 2x4096 sampling time s Configuration: max baseline km 350 10000 meet 50% area baseline 40 T_b sens K 1 ? ? #independent IFs max sep of IFs DNR: spatial 1e6 spectral polarization # spatial pixels ----------------- Special requirements: getting to 20 GHz is critical for high res and thermal science. Comet gas imaging needs low resolution (<= few km baselines). Major problem(s): outline the major design problem(s) wrt science goal Possible Compromises: Notes: total cost = 1G$ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------