SKA Working Group 7 Level-1 Science: Coronal Mass Ejections

Coronal Mass Ejections: (using low frequency radar), determine the 3D structure of CMEs as critical early-warning system for satellites and other sensitive terrestrial structures. Passive techniques: Direct imaging of CME-related synchrotron radiation; Interplanetary scintillation measurements; Scatter broadening measurements; Faraday rotation measurements.

Additional notes: WG7 Bologna ; WG7 pre-Groningen ; post-Groningen .

SKA Designs (requirements matrix)


Red=All agreed that it fails; Dark Blue=some say it fails; Pink=most say it fails.
Specification Requirement  China  Europe  India  Ozlens  Ozcyli  USA  Canada 
A/Tsys 35000 10500 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000
FOV (deg2) 1 0.005 1 1 3.6 1 (8) 1 1 (FPA)
#beams 1 8 1 2 8 (64) 1 350
beam separation 90 150 40x1 1
#subarrays few many many many many many
response time 100 <1 60 60 60 60
Freq range <=0.1 0.3-6.0 0.15-1.5 0.15-10.0 0.1-5.0 0.10-9.0 0.15-34.0 0.1-22.0
Corr Bandwith 0.2 3.0 2.4 3.2
#spectral channels 2x4096 2x4096 2x4096 16384
sampling time short
max baseline 1000 300 2000 3000 10000 5000
50% area baseline 50 100 4 3 35
Tb sensitivity 1 1 0.7 1
#independent IFs 3 4 4 4
Max sep. of IFs 1 full band full band
Spatial DNR 1e+05 1e+06 1e+06 1e+06 1e+06
Spectral DNR
Polarization DNR 1e+04 1e+04
#spatial pixels 1e+08 1e+08 5e+10
Special Full earth